Sinking my teeth right into some REAL LIVE MESSES made by our esteemed Scientists...And I haven't even gotten warmed up!!!
Now, since the volume of an sphere [ it is assumed that the drop is not distended by the attractive forces operating on it] is given by
3
V = 4/3 π r [ π is the constant of proportionality which is the ratio between the radius of any circle and its circumference ( do you know, it was found by ACCIDENT, by Greek ENGINEERS, people who actually MADE things!) and 'r' is finally, the radius of the circle... one measures the diameter of the drop using the microscope, then half that is the radius. The 4/3 is found thanks to Sir Isaac Newton's famous integration method: the integral of the equation of a circle, which is ... a bit complicated, so I will drop it for now. Wow, an academic found a method where one uses an equation with a continuous variable, in this case 'r', to find the specific instance where that 'variable' is constant and specify what the volume of a sphere would THEREFORE be, if the Equation of a CIRCLE is known...and this guy NEVER got his hands dirty to find out just how crazy his BASIC assumption was.... and we are all COOL with that?!!!!]
Anyway, the density of the air is known at the temperature [ again by calculations based on OTHER academics' theories, and since according to the law of floatation [ by Archimedes; " a body wholly or partially immersed in a fluid displaces its own weight of fluid..." OK, trust me here, and let us just say that, doing the various calculations will result in the equation
as the weight or resultant force on the drop.
However, before the experiment, an oil drop, or several, are dropped into the space between the two plates before the electricity is switched on so that the force resisting the motion of the drop, the drag force, is calculated, and this is given by
SOMEBODY PAY ME MY MONEY BEFORE I BRING EDUCATION TO ITS KNEES!!
COUNT1NG NUMB3R5... the Upcoming Book that will ROCK the World!!!
The Millikan oil-drop experiment
In 1909, Robert Millikan and Harvey Fletcher performed an experiment to determine the elementary charge on an electron. By then, it had already been accepted that there was a charge [negative] on an electron, based on the Rutherford model of the atom, which showed an atom as being a sort of glued together ( ...somehow) thing with some things which have a neutral charge, neutrons, somehow bonding with some things which had a positive charge, protons, with the whole surrounded by negatively charged electrons which floated near the glued together proton/neutron arrangement called the nucleus.
Hey, do not ask me how that actually got to that stage... these were the days when being called "Sir" something or the other carried a great deal of clout, and even if one was an American, these were still the days when belonging to the "elite" club of the world's foremost GREAT Thinkers was an enormous ego boost. So, once someone voiced the preposterous idea that things which had opposite charges would attract but remain distant while those with no "charge" actually bonded, and it was accepted, nobody bothered to even dispute it, but all tried to refine it.
See where the bias lay? A "hypothesis" is accepted as fact, and no one tries to prove whether or not it is true, but rather HOW it is true, and today, this is what we have to put up with...
Anyway, to the oil drop experiment:
The diagram above shows a simplified version of the experiment;
Numerous drops of oil were sprayed into a sealed aperture so that they would fall through a gap where two parallel plates with a potential difference [learned speak for 'touch-it-and-get-a-jolt-separation' between two plates where electricity is involved] of "several thousand volts" [do NOT ask me how they even measure a SINGLE volt!] were placed, and the oil drops, since oil is, like some plastics when you rub them on your hair, able to be "polarised" in the presence of an electric field, ( by that it means the 'charge' "separates") so that one end of a drop becomes positive while the other becomes negative, with the orientation being in-line with the orientation of the field so that if the top plate is positive, the oil drop's end nearest to the plate becomes negative, thus creating a retarding force that stops the fall of the drop by resisting the gravitational pull on the drop. Once the drop's attractive force due to the electric field equals the force of gravity, the drop then has to stop, in midair, and thus, by measuring the radius of the drop [microscope, dummy!] one can calculate the balancing force on the drop according to the equation given above, where, the force due to gravity, W [otherwise commonly known as "weight"] will, by co-relation, [ if you are still with me, the weight equals the attractive force due to gravity] be related to the radius by
W= Fe
Where Fe is the Force due to electricity.
But W = m g
Where 'm' is the mass of the drop, and 'g" the acceleration due to gravity [ which works even when the object is stationary, so that, according to our eminent scientists, one is somehow accelerating when one is still...and everyone is cool with that.. hey that is some heavy stuff there].
But since the mass of a drop is ALSO related to its volume by the equation
Hey, do not ask me how that actually got to that stage... these were the days when being called "Sir" something or the other carried a great deal of clout, and even if one was an American, these were still the days when belonging to the "elite" club of the world's foremost GREAT Thinkers was an enormous ego boost. So, once someone voiced the preposterous idea that things which had opposite charges would attract but remain distant while those with no "charge" actually bonded, and it was accepted, nobody bothered to even dispute it, but all tried to refine it.
See where the bias lay? A "hypothesis" is accepted as fact, and no one tries to prove whether or not it is true, but rather HOW it is true, and today, this is what we have to put up with...
Anyway, to the oil drop experiment:
The diagram above shows a simplified version of the experiment;
Numerous drops of oil were sprayed into a sealed aperture so that they would fall through a gap where two parallel plates with a potential difference [learned speak for 'touch-it-and-get-a-jolt-separation' between two plates where electricity is involved] of "several thousand volts" [do NOT ask me how they even measure a SINGLE volt!] were placed, and the oil drops, since oil is, like some plastics when you rub them on your hair, able to be "polarised" in the presence of an electric field, ( by that it means the 'charge' "separates") so that one end of a drop becomes positive while the other becomes negative, with the orientation being in-line with the orientation of the field so that if the top plate is positive, the oil drop's end nearest to the plate becomes negative, thus creating a retarding force that stops the fall of the drop by resisting the gravitational pull on the drop. Once the drop's attractive force due to the electric field equals the force of gravity, the drop then has to stop, in midair, and thus, by measuring the radius of the drop [microscope, dummy!] one can calculate the balancing force on the drop according to the equation given above, where, the force due to gravity, W [otherwise commonly known as "weight"] will, by co-relation, [ if you are still with me, the weight equals the attractive force due to gravity] be related to the radius by
W= Fe
Where Fe is the Force due to electricity.
But W = m g
Where 'm' is the mass of the drop, and 'g" the acceleration due to gravity [ which works even when the object is stationary, so that, according to our eminent scientists, one is somehow accelerating when one is still...and everyone is cool with that.. hey that is some heavy stuff there].
But since the mass of a drop is ALSO related to its volume by the equation
ρ = m/ V [ density ρ equals mass, 'm', per unit volume, 'V']
m = ρV
=> W= ρVg
Now, since the volume of an sphere [ it is assumed that the drop is not distended by the attractive forces operating on it] is given by
3
V = 4/3 π r [ π is the constant of proportionality which is the ratio between the radius of any circle and its circumference ( do you know, it was found by ACCIDENT, by Greek ENGINEERS, people who actually MADE things!) and 'r' is finally, the radius of the circle... one measures the diameter of the drop using the microscope, then half that is the radius. The 4/3 is found thanks to Sir Isaac Newton's famous integration method: the integral of the equation of a circle, which is ... a bit complicated, so I will drop it for now. Wow, an academic found a method where one uses an equation with a continuous variable, in this case 'r', to find the specific instance where that 'variable' is constant and specify what the volume of a sphere would THEREFORE be, if the Equation of a CIRCLE is known...and this guy NEVER got his hands dirty to find out just how crazy his BASIC assumption was.... and we are all COOL with that?!!!!]
Anyway, the density of the air is known at the temperature [ again by calculations based on OTHER academics' theories, and since according to the law of floatation [ by Archimedes; " a body wholly or partially immersed in a fluid displaces its own weight of fluid..." OK, trust me here, and let us just say that, doing the various calculations will result in the equation
However, before the experiment, an oil drop, or several, are dropped into the space between the two plates before the electricity is switched on so that the force resisting the motion of the drop, the drag force, is calculated, and this is given by
[where Fd is the drag force, π you already know, as you do 'r' but 'η' is the "viscosity" of the air [resistance of the air to letting something go through it...they can actually MEASURE it... kind of like, here today the air is very resistant, it has added up its 'viscosity' not like yesterday when it could hardly get it up!] and 'v1' is the terminal velocity...i.e., the speed when the oil drop has stopped accelerating due to gravity because all the opposing forces are cancelling out and it is therefore in 'free fall'
Do I really NEED to go on right now? Let me ask just how a drop that is stationary, with no velocity, can then be compared to WHAT WOULD HAPPEN if that drop was static in a field with an electric charge, and how the two equations above would be reconciled...never mind the "PLETHORA" of errors I have illustrated ALREADY... and one would get the equation BELOW;
Do I really NEED to go on right now? Let me ask just how a drop that is stationary, with no velocity, can then be compared to WHAT WOULD HAPPEN if that drop was static in a field with an electric charge, and how the two equations above would be reconciled...never mind the "PLETHORA" of errors I have illustrated ALREADY... and one would get the equation BELOW;
SOMEBODY PAY ME MY MONEY BEFORE I BRING EDUCATION TO ITS KNEES!!
COUNT1NG NUMB3R5... the Upcoming Book that will ROCK the World!!!
